방법론
물질수지 및 플러스 계산은 회수율 기반 표준 형식(Qp = Qf·Y)을 따르며, 순구동압력은 공급 압력에서 농축수 측 손실과 공급수 삼투압을 빼진 값으로 산출합니다.
염 투과율은 엘리먼트의 벤치 테스트 기준 조건 대비 온도 및 플러스로 정규화되며, 실제 막벽 염 투과율을 추정하기 위해 농도 분극 계수가 적용됩니다.
ATLAS WTS · Process Engineering
RO Membrane Performance Calculator
Reverse osmosis mass-balance, temperature correction, and salt-passage performance for single- or two-pass, up-to-3-stage concentrate-staged array configurations, with membrane-aging projection and product-water blending.
Project Information
Pass 1 — Feed Water & Process Conditions
Pass 1 — Pressure & Membrane Configuration
2- and 3-stage arrays feed each stage from the prior stage's concentrate, raising overall system recovery beyond what a single stage can reach.
Pass 1 — Stage 1
ΔP guidance: ~0.2–0.3 bar (~3–4 psi) friction loss per element in series, ≈1.2–2.4 bar for a standard 6–8-element vessel — independent of how many vessels feed this stage in parallel.
Pass 1 — Stage 2
ΔP guidance: ~0.2–0.3 bar/element in series, ≈1.2–2.4 bar for a standard 6–8-element vessel.
Re-pressurizes Stage 1's concentrate before it enters Stage 2, independent of the main feed pump — useful when this stage would otherwise run short on net driving pressure, especially at high recovery or aged-membrane conditions.
Pass 1 — Stage 3 Optional
ΔP guidance: ~0.2–0.3 bar/element in series, ≈1.2–2.4 bar for a standard 6–8-element vessel.
Re-pressurizes Stage 2's concentrate before it enters Stage 3, independent of the main feed pump.
Pass 1 — Membrane Aging Projection
Defaults follow the selected feed water type; edit for a specific project. The "Aged" condition (toggle top-right) projects permeate TDS and required feed pressure at end of the stated membrane age — the design should stay within spec at BOTH Day-1 and Aged conditions.
Second Pass
Pass 2's feed is Pass 1's blended permeate, re-pressurized by an interstage pump (modeled as Pass 2's own feed pressure). Common for high-purity applications (boiler feed, semiconductor, pharma) and RO+EDI trains.
Pass 2 — Feed & Membrane Configuration
Pass 2 feed is Pass 1's permeate (very low TDS), so this selects the 2nd-pass membrane's own bench baseline and aging defaults, not a feed-water fouling classification.
Fully independent of Pass 1's feed pressure — Pass 1's permeate arrives at Pass 2 already at atmospheric pressure (net of its own permeate back-pressure, effectively an atmospheric break tank), so this is the total pressure Pass 2's own booster pump must supply, not an addition on top of any Pass 1 residual.
Pass 2 — Stage 1
ΔP guidance: ~0.2–0.3 bar/element in series, ≈1.2–2.4 bar for a standard 6–8-element vessel.
Pass 2 — Stage 2
ΔP guidance: ~0.2–0.3 bar/element in series, ≈1.2–2.4 bar for a standard 6–8-element vessel.
Pass 2 — Membrane Aging Projection
Pass 2 Concentrate Recycle
Pass 2's final concentrate is already near permeate quality (it started from Pass 1 permeate), so recycling it into the raw feed instead of wasting it is standard practice and materially improves overall system recovery.
Product Water Blending
Optional raw/pretreated water blended directly into the final product stream to hit a target finished TDS without over-designing rejection. Leave flow at 0 to disable.
Overall System
Final Product Flow
—m³/h
Final Product TDS
—ppm
Overall System Recovery
—%
of raw feed, net of recycle boost
Waste (To Drain)
—m³/h
Pass 1 Performance
System Recovery
—%
Total Permeate Flow
—m³/h
Final Concentrate Flow
—m³/h
Blended Permeate TDS
—ppm
Final Concentrate TDS
—ppm
Overall Rejection
—%
Total Membrane Area
—m²
System Average Flux
—LMH
Pass 1 — Stage-by-Stage Breakdown
| Stage | Elements | Recovery | NDP | Osmotic P. | Flux | Rejection | Perm. Flow | Conc. Flow | Conc. TDS |
|---|
Pass 2 Performance
Pass 2 Recovery
—%
Pass 2 Permeate Flow
—m³/h
Pass 2 Concentrate TDS
—ppm
Pass 2 Permeate TDS
—ppm
Pass 2 Membrane Area
—m²
Pass 2 Average Flux
—LMH
| Stage | Elements | Recovery | NDP | Osmotic P. | Flux | Rejection | Perm. Flow | Conc. Flow | Conc. TDS |
|---|
Technical Warnings
No warnings — all parameters within the modeled envelope.
Inputs changed — click Calculate to refresh results above.
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- 공정의 예비 평가용입니다. 검증된 설계 소프트웨어나 자격을 갖춘 공정 엔지니어의 검토를 대체하지 않습니다.
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엔지니어링 경로
적용 분야
- 재이용·담수화·ZLD 회수, 농축 및 무방류(ZLD) 설계 로직.
시나리오
- 해수 담수화 및 농축수 관리 에너지 회수와 농축수 가치화를 통한 지속 가능한 해수 담수화.
- 범용 공정 무방류 시스템 하이브리드 열-멤브레인 시스템을 통한 완전한 물 회수 및 폐기물 최소화.
워크플로
- 해수 담수화 취수와 전처리에서 화학 주입, 필요 시 UF/MF, RO, 컨디셔닝, 소독 및 생산수까지 이어지는 막 중심 담수화 공정입니다. 단계 05 — Reverse Osmosis단계로 돌아가기 05단계 08 — Product & Concentrate Boundary단계로 돌아가기 08
- 고순도수 원수 전처리, RO, 폴리싱, 이온교환 또는 CEDI, 최종 품질관리와 분배 시스템으로 이어지는 고순도수 경로입니다. 단계 02 — Reverse Osmosis단계로 돌아가기 02
- 냉각수 보충수 특성화, 컨디셔닝, 냉각 시스템 수지, 블로다운, 재이용 또는 방류 맥락으로 이어지는 시스템 경로입니다. 단계 04 — Blowdown단계로 돌아가기 04