冷却水与工业用水管理

阶段 01 · 水源与基础

Makeup-Water Characterization

Set cooling-loop quality and demand basis.

目的

Declare the source, seasonal quality envelope, available volume, and end-use requirements that constrain cooling chemistry and water balance.

下一决策

Choose the conditioning and balance basis for the loop.

工程问题

What is the makeup source, flow envelope, and seasonal or event-driven variability?
What are pH, conductivity/TDS, hardness, alkalinity, silica, chloride, temperature, turbidity, and relevant residuals?
Is the source reclaimed water, and what treatment history or compatibility limits apply?

关键输入

Available and design makeup flowm³/h
Makeup-water temperature envelope°C
Makeup pH rangepH
Makeup conductivityµS/cm
Makeup TDSmg/L
Calcium hardnessmg/L as CaCO₃
Alkalinitymg/L as CaCO₃
Dissolved silicamg/L as SiO₂
Chloridemg/L
Suspended solids / turbiditymg/L / NTU
Source identity, reuse provenance, and variability casesproject basis

关键输出

Declared makeup-quality and source envelopeproject basis
Available makeup supply basism³/h

约束 / 设计考虑

Cooling-water compatibility depends on the actual metallurgy, heat-transfer surfaces, treatment program, operating cycles, and discharge route.
Reclaimed water requires source-specific constituent, residual, and variability review; a source label alone is not a compatibility assessment.

此阶段工具

已上线 单位换算器 Supporting: convert declared flow, pressure, and concentration units; this does not characterize water or assess cooling compatibility. 打开工具

工程指导 Makeup-Water Characterization No current ATLAS tool characterizes makeup-water quality, forecasts seasonal variability, or evaluates reclaimed-water compatibility with the cooling system.

支持研究

AI 数据中心浪潮背后的水处理挑战：冷却架构、再生水、浓缩循环与浓水管理如何决定超大规模数据中心的真实水足迹以 300 MW IT 连续负荷为统一工程模型，分析热排放架构、再生水水化学、浓缩循环、NF/RO 选择性预处理与浓水管理如何共同决定超大规模 AI 数据中心的真实用水边界。

阶段 02 · 化学调理

Conditioning

Control scaling, corrosion, and biology.

目的

Set the circulating-water scale, corrosion, deposition, and biological-control basis against metallurgy, operating cycles, and discharge limits.

下一决策

Set the cooling-system balance and cycles basis.

工程问题

What supplied-water saturation indicators and constituent limits govern, including calcium hardness, alkalinity, silica, and chloride?
Which inhibitor, pH adjustment, oxidizing or non-oxidizing biocide, monitoring, and control program is supported by project data?
Is sidestream filtration or reclaimed-water pretreatment needed, and how will dose, residuals, and metallurgy be verified?

关键输入

Circulating-water flowm³/h
Cold / hot circulating-water temperatures°C
Circulating-water pHpH
Circulating-water TDSmg/L
Calcium hardnessmg/L as CaCO₃
Alkalinitymg/L as CaCO₃
Dissolved silicamg/L as SiO₂
Chloridemg/L
Metallurgy, corrosion, and deposit-control criteriaproject basis
Biological-control and monitoring criteriaproject basis
Selected chemical and dose, where testedmg/L

关键输出

Supplied-water LSI / RSI screening basisindex
Declared chemical feed basismg/L
Declared corrosion monitoring basisproject basis

约束 / 设计考虑

LSI/RSI are empirical screening indicators based on supplied chemistry; they do not predict metal-specific corrosion, silica behavior, scale deposition rate, or biocide efficacy.
The dosing calculator calculates feed and batch quantities for a selected chemical and dose; it does not select an inhibitor/biocide program or set a cooling-water control strategy.
Sidestream filtration and reclaimed-water compatibility require measured solids/chemistry, metallurgy, vendor, and project review.

此阶段工具

已上线 冷却塔水平衡与 LSI 计算器 Supporting: screen water balance and supplied-water LSI/RSI; indices do not select a treatment program or predict corrosion. 打开工具已上线 化学品加药基准计算器 Supporting: calculate feed and batch quantities after the chemical and dose are selected; it does not choose the program. 打开工具

工程指导 Conditioning No ATLAS tool selects a cooling-water treatment program, predicts corrosion or biological control, or sizes sidestream filtration.

支持研究

No stage-specific research mapping is published for this boundary.

阶段 03 · 其他

Cooling-System Balance

Connect evaporation, cycles, makeup, and blowdown.

目的

Connect the declared cooling duty and circulation basis to evaporation, cycles of concentration, drift, blowdown, and makeup demand.

下一决策

Decide how blowdown is controlled, treated, and discharged or reused.

工程问题

What heat-rejection duty, circulating flow, and hot-to-cold water range govern?
What evaporation coefficient, drift class, and target cycles of concentration are justified by site conditions?
What makeup and blowdown flows result, and which measured circulating-water chemistry is used for saturation screening?

关键输入

Heat-rejection dutykW
Circulating-water flowm³/h
Hot and cold circulating-water temperatures / index temperature°C
Target cycles of concentrationratio
Drift-eliminator class / drift assumption%
Evaporation coefficient and operating assumptionproject basis
Measured circulating-water TDSmg/L
Measured circulating-water pHpH
Measured calcium hardnessmg/L as CaCO₃
Measured circulating-water alkalinitymg/L as CaCO₃

关键输出

Calculated heat-rejection estimate from flow and temperature rangekW
Estimated evaporation lossm³/h
Estimated drift lossm³/h
Estimated blowdown flow at target cyclesm³/h
Estimated makeup demandm³/h
Target / achieved cycles basisratio

约束 / 设计考虑

The balance is a screening estimate from declared circulation, range, drift, and cycles; heat rejected is informational and does not size tower hardware or determine circulation from a heat load.
LSI/RSI is calculated only from supplied chemistry and does not establish the allowable cycles for silica, chloride, corrosion, biology, or metallurgy.

此阶段工具

已上线 冷却塔水平衡与 LSI 计算器 Primary: screen evaporation, drift, blowdown, makeup, cycles, heat-rejection estimate, and supplied-water LSI/RSI. 打开工具

工程指导 Cooling-System Balance No current ATLAS tool performs cooling-tower mechanical selection, wet-bulb/approach performance, or control-system design.

支持研究

阶段 04 · 残余物

Blowdown

Define the residual stream and control point.

目的

Carry the estimated blowdown flow and chemistry into treatment, reuse, residuals, and discharge review.

下一决策

Confirm reuse or discharge context and the water-use objective.

工程问题

What blowdown flow, chemistry, treatment residuals, and variability are expected?
Is the stream suitable for direct reuse, sidestream filtration, RO, or another treatment after compatibility and treatability review?
Which residual or constituent controls disposal, reuse, or discharge?

关键输入

Blowdown flow and operating rangem³/h
Blowdown TDSmg/L
Blowdown feed temperature°C
Declared feed / boundary pressurebar
Blowdown calcium hardnessmg/L as CaCO₃
Blowdown dissolved silicamg/L as SiO₂
Blowdown chloridemg/L
Treatment residuals and added chemical basisas measured
Reuse or discharge objective and limitsproject basis

关键输出

Declared blowdown treatment / reuse basisproject basis
Residuals and discharge review basisproject basis

约束 / 设计考虑

Cooling-water balance can estimate blowdown flow but does not select blowdown treatment or determine reuse/discharge quality.
RO screening requires a characterized feed and defined recovery objective; it does not design pretreatment, sidestream filtration, concentrate handling, or permit compliance.

此阶段工具

已上线 冷却塔水平衡与 LSI 计算器 Supporting: recheck blowdown and makeup flows under the declared range, drift, and cycles assumptions. 打开工具已上线 RO 系统设计工具 Conditional: screen a selected RO option for characterized blowdown; not a treatment train or discharge evaluation. 打开工具

工程指导 Blowdown No ATLAS tool selects blowdown treatment, sizes sidestream filtration, validates reclaimed-water compatibility, or evaluates discharge limits and residuals.

支持研究

阶段 05 · 回用 / 排放

Reuse or Discharge Context

Carry the balance into the permitting decision.

目的

Connect a fit-for-purpose reuse decision or receiving-water discharge basis to water availability, cooling materials, operating chemistry, and residuals controls.

下一决策

Carry the declared balance and chemistry basis into equipment, controls, and permitting review.

工程问题

What reclaimed-water quality and variability are acceptable for the cooling materials and treatment program?
Which current permit, receiving-water, and monitoring requirements govern blowdown?
How do source substitution and discharge constraints change cycles, makeup demand, treatment, and residuals?

关键输入

Reuse / discharge flowm³/h
Reclaimed-water or receiving-water qualityproject basis
Residual TDSmg/L
Silicamg/L as SiO₂
Chloridemg/L
Operating cycles basisratio
Treatment residuals and permit criteriaproject basis

关键输出

Declared reuse / discharge quality basisproject basis
Declared water-use and makeup basism³/h
Monitoring and residuals review basisproject basis

约束 / 设计考虑

No tool validates reclaimed-water compatibility against metallurgy, biocide residuals, cycles, or water-use specifications.
Current permits, receiving-water limits, and project standards govern discharge; this workflow provides no compliance determination.

工程指导

工程指导Reuse or Discharge ContextNo ATLAS tool determines reclaimed-water compatibility, cooling treatment limits, permit compliance, or blowdown residuals management.

支持研究

搜索 ATLAS 工程资源

冷却水

主要处理流程

此阶段工具 · 阶段 01 — Makeup-Water Characterization

此阶段工具 · 阶段 02 — Conditioning

此阶段工具 · 阶段 03 — Cooling-System Balance

此阶段工具 · 阶段 04 — Blowdown

工程指导 — 阶段 05 — Reuse or Discharge Context

Makeup-Water Characterization

此阶段工具

支持研究

Conditioning

此阶段工具

支持研究

Cooling-System Balance

此阶段工具

支持研究

Blowdown

此阶段工具

支持研究

Reuse or Discharge Context

工程指导

支持研究

研究与情报背景