海水淡化

阶段 01 · 水源与基础

Seawater Intake

Set intake hydraulics and the feedwater basis.

目的

Establish the flow, salinity, temperature, solids, and biological basis that drives pretreatment and RO design.

下一决策

Choose the solids and biological protection strategy for the RO feed.

工程问题

What intake condition and seasonal envelope must the plant handle?
What solids and biological loads arrive at the plant?
What intake or outfall constraints affect recovery?

关键输入

Intake flowm³/h
Seawater temperature°C
Seawater TDSmg/L
Intake turbidityNTU

关键输出

Declared RO-feed design flowm³/h
Declared salinity envelopemg/L

约束 / 设计考虑

Seawater quality is not a single fixed number.
Intake, pretreatment, RO, and concentrate decisions are coupled at the process level.

工程指导

工程指导Seawater IntakeNo current ATLAS tool evaluates intake hydraulics, seasonal seawater variability, source solids and biology, or intake and outfall constraints.

支持研究

No stage-specific research mapping is published for this boundary.

阶段 02 · 预处理

Screening & Pretreatment

Protect chemical and membrane barriers.

目的

Reduce solids, colloids, and biological loading before the feed reaches dosing and RO.

下一决策

Set the chemical duties that protect the RO membrane and downstream product quality.

工程问题

What pretreatment quality is required at the RO feed?
Which fouling mechanism is dominant?
Is conventional or membrane pretreatment supported by the project basis?

关键输入

Pretreatment flowm³/h
Pretreatment turbidityNTU
SDI or solids basissite basis

关键输出

RO-feed solids qualityNTU

约束 / 设计考虑

UF/MF is an available screening tool; conventional pretreatment remains a project-specific design choice.
Pretreatment must be evaluated against the actual seawater envelope.

此阶段的可选路径

Conventional clarification and filtration Use when raw-water testing and the RO-feed basis support conventional pretreatment; no dedicated ATLAS clarifier calculator is attached.
UF/MF membrane pretreatment Use the live UF/MF designer for a membrane pretreatment screen.

此阶段工具

已上线 UF/MF 超滤/微滤系统设计工具 Screen membrane area, flux, train count, and recovery for the UF/MF pretreatment option. 打开工具已上线 活性炭选型计算 Conditional: screen carbon vessel requirements only for a defined dissolved-organic adsorption duty. 打开工具

工程指导 Screening & Pretreatment Screen carbon vessel requirements only for a defined dissolved-organic adsorption duty. Activated Carbon Sizing is not a general suspended-solids pretreatment, a replacement for conventional clarification, or a universal seawater pretreatment step. Conventional screening and clarification have no dedicated ATLAS calculator.

支持研究

反渗透 vs. 低温多效蒸发 vs. 多级闪蒸：为何热力学上更优的海水淡化工艺并未赢得市场反渗透目前占全球海水淡化产能的约三分之二，但按热力学第二定律核算，低温多效蒸发才是效率更高的工艺。「赢得市场」与「赢在效率」之间的差距，最终取决于进水水质、能量品位，以及现场本就具备的条件。反渗透膜系统化学处理方案:阻垢剂、脱氯、杀菌剂与清洗配方对决定反渗透膜性能的六大化学处理类别——阻垢剂、脱氯、杀菌剂、混凝剂、pH调节和CIP清洗——进行功能解析,涵盖投加基准、兼容性限值及先进的污堵监测参数。

阶段 03 · 化学调理

Chemical Dosing

Control scale, oxidant, and feed chemistry.

目的

Make the RO feed chemically compatible with the membrane array and the target recovery.

下一决策

Carry the declared feed chemistry into the RO performance screen.

工程问题

Which antiscalant, dechlorination, pH, or cleaning duty is in scope?
What dose and chemical-strength basis is being used?
What residual must be proven before the membrane?

关键输入

Chemical-feed flow basism³/h
RO-feed salinitymg/L
RO-feed pHpH
Candidate chemical dosemg/L

关键输出

Screened chemical dosemg/L
Conditioned pH basispH

约束 / 设计考虑

Chemical selection must remain compatible with membrane materials and the downstream operating envelope.
The calculator screens dose; it does not select a proprietary chemical program.

此阶段工具

已上线 化学品加药基准计算器 Calculate active and commercial-product feed for a declared dose and RO-feed flow; it does not select the chemical program. 打开工具

工程指导 Chemical Dosing The dose calculator does not select antiscalants, model seawater scaling, set dechlorination targets, or verify oxidant residual ahead of the membrane.

支持研究

反渗透膜系统化学处理方案:阻垢剂、脱氯、杀菌剂与清洗配方对决定反渗透膜性能的六大化学处理类别——阻垢剂、脱氯、杀菌剂、混凝剂、pH调节和CIP清洗——进行功能解析,涵盖投加基准、兼容性限值及先进的污堵监测参数。

阶段 04 · 膜处理

UF/MF Option

Screen membrane pretreatment when needed.

目的

Check a membrane pretreatment option before RO without assuming that every desalination plant requires one.

下一决策

Use the selected pretreatment flow and chemistry as the basis for RO.

工程问题

What flux and recovery basis is supportable?
How many trains and elements are needed for the duty?
What fouling and backwash boundary must operations manage?

关键输入

UF/MF feed flowm³/h
UF/MF feed turbidityNTU
Feed temperature°C

关键输出

Screened filtrate flowm³/h
Screened membrane recovery%

约束 / 设计考虑

The UF/MF result is a preliminary system screen.
Membrane compatibility and pretreatment cleaning need representative data.

此阶段工具

已上线 UF/MF 超滤/微滤系统设计工具 Screen membrane area, train arrangement, flux, and recovery for a selected UF/MF option. 打开工具

工程指导 UF/MF Option Confirm seawater feed suitability, pretreatment performance, cleaning, and backwash assumptions with representative feed data and selected module information.

支持研究

反渗透 vs. 低温多效蒸发 vs. 多级闪蒸：为何热力学上更优的海水淡化工艺并未赢得市场反渗透目前占全球海水淡化产能的约三分之二，但按热力学第二定律核算，低温多效蒸发才是效率更高的工艺。「赢得市场」与「赢在效率」之间的差距，最终取决于进水水质、能量品位，以及现场本就具备的条件。

阶段 05 · 膜处理

Reverse Osmosis

Screen recovery, flow, and concentrate limits.

目的

Turn the pretreatment basis into a multi-stage RO screening result with explicit recovery and concentrate behavior.

下一决策

Confirm product-water conditioning and the final disinfection boundary.

工程问题

What recovery and permeate-flow target is defensible?
Where do osmotic pressure, fouling, or pressure limits govern?
What is the concentrate path?

关键输入

RO feed flowm³/h
RO feed TDSmg/L
RO feed pressurebar
RO feed temperature°C

关键输出

Membrane permeate flowm³/h
RO recovery ratio%
Concentrate TDSmg/L

约束 / 设计考虑

The RO designer is a screening and design-basis tool, not a vendor projection.
Concentrate disposal or reuse must remain visible in the train.

此阶段工具

已上线 RO 系统设计工具 Screen seawater RO permeate, recovery, salt passage, and concentrate TDS across a multi-stage array. 打开工具已上线 单位换算器 Normalize pressure, flow, and concentration units for the RO calculation. 打开工具

工程指导 Reverse Osmosis Use vendor projections and project-specific energy-recovery and concentrate-management review before selecting an array or operating recovery.

支持研究

阶段 06 · 深度处理

Product Conditioning

Set product-water chemistry for use and delivery.

目的

Set the product-water chemistry and stability basis before final disinfection or delivery.

下一决策

Close the product-water microbiological barrier and monitoring plan.

工程问题

What alkalinity, pH, or stability target is required?
What chemical dose or blending duty is needed?
Does the product-water claim include a distribution corrosion or taste requirement?

关键输入

Permeate flowm³/h
Permeate pHpH
Product-water alkalinitymg/L as CaCO₃

关键输出

Conditioned product-water pHpH
Conditioned alkalinity basismg/L as CaCO₃

约束 / 设计考虑

The chemistry target is site- and use-specific.
No generic remineralization recipe is implied.

此阶段工具

已上线 化学品加药基准计算器 Calculate active and commercial-product feed for a declared conditioning dose; product-water stability still needs chemistry review. 打开工具

工程指导 Product Conditioning The dose calculator can size feed for a declared dose; no current ATLAS tool establishes remineralization chemistry, calcite stability, blending, or corrosion-control targets.

支持研究

阶段 07 · 消毒

Disinfection

Apply the final microbiological barrier.

目的

Define the contact-time and monitoring boundary that protects the product-water claim.

下一决策

Release product water only against the stated quality and monitoring basis.

工程问题

Which disinfection technology and validation basis are in scope?
What contact time and water-quality conditions govern?
Where is residual or CT verified?

关键输入

Product-water flowm³/h
Product-water temperature°C
Contact-time basismin

关键输出

Disinfection CT basismg·min/L

约束 / 设计考虑

A CT screen is not a complete validation or regulatory approval.
Final barriers must be tied to actual product-water operations.

此阶段工具

已上线 臭氧投加与 CT 筛选 Screen ozone generator demand and a preliminary CT basis when ozone is selected. 打开工具已上线 化学品加药基准计算器 Calculate chemical product feed for a declared disinfectant dose; it does not model CT. 打开工具

工程指导 Disinfection The ozone screen applies only when ozone is selected and uses generic baffling; chlorine, UV, contact-basin hydraulics, and regulatory validation remain outside the current tool set.

支持研究

No stage-specific research mapping is published for this boundary.

阶段 08 · 回用 / 排放

Product & Concentrate Boundary

Carry product and residuals into review.

目的

Make the product-water objective and concentrate/residuals destination explicit in the desalination review.

下一决策

Carry the product and concentrate records into detailed design, outfall, reuse, or ZLD review.

工程问题

What quality and quantity are delivered as product water?
Where does concentrate go and what limits it?
What operating data is required to keep recovery defensible?

关键输入

Product-water flowm³/h
Product-water TDSmg/L
Overall recovery%

关键输出

Declared plant recovery%
Declared product/concentrate qualitymg/L

约束 / 设计考虑

The concentrate boundary is part of the process design, not a footnote.
Any final discharge or ZLD step needs its own defensible design basis.

此阶段工具

已上线 RO 系统设计工具 Quantify RO array permeate, recovery, and concentrate flow and TDS before outfall or reuse review. 打开工具已上线 单位换算器 Normalize product and concentrate reporting units before handoff. 打开工具

工程指导 Product & Concentrate Boundary The RO array mass balance does not determine outfall permitting, diffuser performance, mixing-zone effects, or whole-plant residuals and ZLD feasibility.

支持研究

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主要处理流程

工程指导 — 阶段 01 — Seawater Intake

此阶段工具 · 阶段 02 — Screening & Pretreatment

此阶段工具 · 阶段 03 — Chemical Dosing

此阶段工具 · 阶段 04 — UF/MF Option

此阶段工具 · 阶段 05 — Reverse Osmosis

此阶段工具 · 阶段 06 — Product Conditioning

此阶段工具 · 阶段 07 — Disinfection

此阶段工具 · 阶段 08 — Product & Concentrate Boundary

Seawater Intake

工程指导

支持研究

Screening & Pretreatment

此阶段的可选路径

此阶段工具

支持研究

Chemical Dosing

此阶段工具

支持研究

UF/MF Option

此阶段工具

支持研究

Reverse Osmosis

此阶段工具

支持研究

Product Conditioning

此阶段工具

支持研究

Disinfection

此阶段工具

支持研究

Product & Concentrate Boundary

此阶段工具

支持研究

研究与情报背景