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Process design — engineering workflows

Municipal Drinking Water Purification

A multi-barrier route for source-water characterization, conditioning, solids control, targeted advanced treatment, disinfection, and finished-water verification.

ApplicationMunicipal Water Relevant disciplinesTreatment Process Design

01 Primary Treatment Train

Primary Treatment Train

Six stages from source characterization to finished-water quality.

6 Stages

Scroll horizontally to view all stages

Tools for Stage 01 — Source Water Characterization

Source Water Design Basis & Variability Available Analyze observed source-water data with explicit censoring, weighted summaries, and user-selected design bounds. Open tool Unit Converter Available Normalize flow, pressure, and concentration units before comparing source samples. Open tool

Stage 01 · Source basis

Source Water Characterization

Define the design basis before selecting barriers.

Purpose

Define the flow, chemistry, and quality envelope that downstream barriers must respect.

Next decision

Select conditioning and solids control to protect the first separation.

Engineering questions

  • What normal and upset conditions set the source-water design basis?
  • Which constituents control the treatment objective?
  • Which measurements are missing?

Key inputs

  • Design flow and variabilitym³/h
  • Source temperature°C
  • Source pHpH
  • Dissolved solidsmg/L
  • Target contaminant concentrationsmg/L

Key outputs

  • Design-flow basism³/h
  • Contaminant envelopemg/L

Design Considerations

  • State seasonal and event-driven variation.
  • Define the finished-water claim before selecting barriers.

Tools for this stage

Available Source Water Design Basis & Variability Analyze observed source-water data with explicit censoring, weighted summaries, and user-selected design bounds. Open tool Available Unit Converter Normalize flow, pressure, and concentration units before comparing source samples. Open tool

Supporting research

Supporting research

Nanofiltration Membrane Applications: Selective Ion Rejection Across Drinking Water, Leachate, and Specialty Process StreamsA vendor-neutral technical review of nanofiltration (NF) membranes — separation mechanism, rejection-class specifications, and field performance across drinking water softening, landfill leachate, and specialty concentration/desalting duties.

02 — Plant-wide Design Tools

Plant-wide Design Tools

Plant-wide tools support the six-stage treatment workflow without adding another treatment stage.

Available Plant Water & Mass Balance Reconcile plant-wide water streams and declared flow and constituent balances. Open tool Available Water Treatment Plant Hydraulic Profile Review hydraulic grade through the treatment plant as a connected system. Open tool Available Water Treatment Residuals & Sludge Designer Organize treatment residual streams and preliminary sludge-handling loads. Open tool Available Chemical Feed & Storage Designer Review plant-wide chemical feed, storage, and replenishment needs. Open tool

03 Research and Intelligence Context

Research and Intelligence Context

Supporting research and current industry signals for this workflow.

Supporting research

Nanofiltration Membrane Applications: Selective Ion Rejection Across Drinking Water, Leachate, and Specialty Process StreamsA vendor-neutral technical review of nanofiltration (NF) membranes — separation mechanism, rejection-class specifications, and field performance across drinking water softening, landfill leachate, and specialty concentration/desalting duties.Chemical Treatment Programs for Reverse Osmosis Membrane Systems: Antiscalants, Dechlorination, Biocides, and Cleaning FormulationsA functional breakdown of the six chemical treatment categories governing RO membrane performance — antiscalants, dechlorination, biocides, coagulants, pH adjustment, and CIP — with dosing benchmarks, compatibility limits, and advanced fouling-monitoring parameters.

Current intelligence

EPA Proposes Two-Year Compliance Extension for PFOA and PFOS Drinking Water LimitsEPA's proposed rule keeps the 4.0 ppt PFOA/PFOS MCLs intact but lets eligible water systems apply for a federal exemption pushing the compliance deadline from April 2029 to April 2031.West Virginia's Ada Water Treatment Plant Clinches National 25-Year Quality AwardThe Ada Water Treatment Plant in Bluefield earns the prestigious 25-year Directors Award from the Partnership for Safe Water, highlighting long-term process optimization.